Kelvin is the SI base unit for temperature and is has the symbol K.
Kelvin is named after 1st Baron Kelvin, William Thomson who was born in Belfast and studied engineering and physics at Glasgow University.
The scale was based on Lord Kelvin's theory whereby a) there was a need for "absolute zero" or "infinite cold" to be represented by 0 and b) used degree Celsius to increment each unit.
The Kelvin has also been adapted to measure colour temperature and noise temperature; both with the capability to express amounts of "warmth". The photosphere of the sun, for example, has an effective colour temperature of 5778K.
Rankine (or degrees Rankine) is a scale of temperature derived from an imperial unit and is denoted by the symbol °R.
Rankine is defined as a vector or shift from the Farenheit scale. Like the Kelvin (but 11 years later in 1859), it was also developed by a physicist from Glasgow University - namely William John Macquorn Rankine and was proposed to be used in engineering systems where heat computations are done in degrees Farenheit rather than Celsius.
Zero on both the Kelvin and Rankine scales is absolute zero (infinite cold - or the absolute absence of any thermal energy whatsoever).
The boiling point of water is 671.64102 °R. The freezing point of water is 491.67 °R.